Chronic Renal Failure and Anaesthesia (Update 18)

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Chronic renal failure (CRF) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) are functional diagnoses characterised by progressive decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Patients with ESRD frequently manifest a wide range of pathological organ dysfunction either caused by the primary disease such as diabetes mellitus, the intrinsic pathological effects of uraemia or a combination of the two.  This review will concentrate on the more common pathophysiological changes encountered of relevance to anaesthesia.

Callum McDonald, Quentin Milner

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